int abc[3]; +int[3] abc;Passing abc to functions results in these implicit conversions: -void func(int array[3]); // actually <reference to><array[3] of><int> -void func(int *p); // abc[3] is converted to a pointer +-void func(int[3] array); // actually <reference to><array[3] of><int> +void func(int* p); // abc is converted to a pointer // to the first element -void func(int array[]); // abc[3] is converted to a dynamic array +void func(int[] array); // abc is converted to a dynamic arraydiff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/acknowledgements.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/acknowledgements.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/acknowledgements.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/acknowledgements.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">CommentsD Search +Downloads Home -Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -91,10 +92,14 @@ @@ -102,7 +107,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006Tools
-
- DMD D Compiler
-- GDC D Compiler
+- GDC D Compiler
- Linker
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/arrays.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/arrays.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/arrays.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/arrays.html 2006-06-13 16:04:04.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
Last update Wed May 31 17:11:57 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Tue Jun 13 16:04:03 2006Garbage Collection -Memory Management -Floating Point Inline Assembler @@ -391,21 +390,15 @@Array Operations
- - When more than one [] operator appears in an expression, the range - represented by all must match. -a[1..3] = b[] + 3; // error, 2 elements not same as 3 elements --Examples:
+Pointer Arithmetic
int[3] abc; // static array of 3 ints int[] def = [ 1, 2, 3 ]; // dynamic array of 3 ints -void dibb(int *array) +void dibb(int* array) { array[2]; // means same thing as *(array + 2) *(array + 2); // get 2nd element @@ -760,8 +753,8 @@ A pointer to a char can be generated: -char *p = &str[3]; // pointer to 4th element -char *p = str; // pointer to 1st element +char* p = &str[3]; // pointer to 4th element +char* p = str; // pointer to 1st elementSince strings, however, are not 0 terminated in D, @@ -809,7 +802,7 @@ terminating 0, and cast the result to a char*:str ~= "\0"; -printf("the string is '%s'\n", (char *)str); +printf("the string is '%s'\n", (char*)str);The second way is to use the precision specifier. The way D arrays diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/ascii-table.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/ascii-table.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/ascii-table.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/ascii-table.html 2006-06-06 16:38:22.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">CommentsD Search +Downloads Home -Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -91,10 +92,14 @@ @@ -102,7 +107,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:21 2006Tools
-
- DMD D Compiler
-- GDC D Compiler
+- GDC D Compiler
- Linker
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/attribute.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/attribute.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/attribute.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/attribute.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
Last update Wed May 31 17:11:57 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:19 2006Garbage Collection -Memory Management -Floating Point Inline Assembler diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/builtin.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/builtin.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/builtin.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/builtin.html 2006-06-13 16:04:04.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">CommentsD Search +Downloads Home -Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ Some general initial observations:Last update Tue Jun 13 16:04:03 2006-
- Each of them is heavilly used. This means that even small +
- Each of them is heavily used. This means that even small improvements in usability are worth reaching for.
- Being a core language feature means that the compiler can diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/changelog1.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/changelog1.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/changelog1.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/changelog1.html 2006-06-06 16:38:22.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments
- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -91,10 +92,14 @@ @@ -102,7 +107,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:21 2006Tools
-
- DMD D Compiler
-- GDC D Compiler
+- GDC D Compiler
- Linker
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/changelog.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/changelog.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/changelog.html 2006-06-04 11:50:28.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/changelog.html 2006-06-19 20:51:44.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
Last update Sun Jun 4 11:50:27 2006 +@@ -91,10 +92,14 @@ @@ -102,7 +107,7 @@Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:42 2006Tools
- DMD D Compiler
-- GDC D Compiler
+- GDC D Compiler
- Linker
@@ -178,6 +183,8 @@+
-- What's new for D 0.161
+- What's new for D 0.160
- What's new for D 0.159
@@ -232,6 +239,88 @@
++ What's New for + D 0.161 +
+ + +Jun 19, 2006 + +New/Changed Features
+ ++ +
- Added opIn_r operator overload.
+- Function return types for lambda delegates can now be inferred.
+- delegate keyword now optional for lambda delegates.
+- Shadowing local variable declarations is now deprecated.
+- New function template syntax.
+Bugs Fixed
+ ++ +
- Fixed D.bugs/5957
+- Fixed D.bugs/5958
+- Fixed D.bugs/7399
+- Folded in D.bugs/7509
+- Fixed D.bugs/7518
+- Fixed Bugzilla 14 + (fixed documentation to explain error)
+- Fixed Bugzilla 29 +
+- Fixed Bugzilla 34 +
+- Fixed Bugzilla 36 + (better error message)
+- Fixed Bugzilla 47 +
+- Fixed Bugzilla 53 + according to Bruno's analysis
+- Fixed Bugzilla 57 + in 0.151
+- Fixed Bugzilla 59 +
+- Fixed Bugzilla 74 +
+- Fixed Bugzilla 75 +
+- Fixed Bugzilla 76 +
+- Fixed Bugzilla 85 + (now issues error message)
+- Fixed Bugzilla 96 + (fixed documentation)
+- Fixed Bugzilla 103 +
+- Fixed Bugzilla 106 +
+- Fixed Bugzilla 113 + (thanks to Artem Rebrov)
+- Fixed Bugzilla 116 + (use offsetof rather than offset)
+- Fixed Bugzilla 119 +
+- Fixed Bugzilla 120 +
+- Fixed Bugzilla 123 +
+- Fixed Bugzilla 128 +
+- Fixed Bugzilla 130 +
+- Fixed Bugzilla 134 + (again)
+- Fixed Bugzilla 159 + (better error message)
+- Fixed Bugzilla 160 +
+- Fixed Bugzilla 192 +
+- Fixed Bugzilla 202 +
+
+What's New for D 0.160 diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/class.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/class.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/class.html 2006-06-02 14:29:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/class.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments
- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
Last update Fri Jun 2 14:28:58 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:19 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/code_coverage.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/code_coverage.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/code_coverage.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/code_coverage.html 2006-06-06 16:38:22.000000000 +0200 @@ -26,11 +26,12 @@ -Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -90,10 +91,14 @@ @@ -101,7 +106,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:21 2006Tools
- DMD D Compiler
-- GDC D Compiler
+- GDC D Compiler
- Linker
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/comparison.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/comparison.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/comparison.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/comparison.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -26,11 +26,12 @@ -Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006Garbage Collection -Yes +Yes No No @@ -131,7 +132,7 @@Function delegates -Yes +Yes No No @@ -140,7 +141,7 @@Function overloading -Yes +Yes No Yes @@ -149,7 +150,7 @@Out function parameters -Yes +Yes Yes Yes @@ -158,7 +159,7 @@Nested functions -Yes +Yes No No @@ -167,7 +168,7 @@Function literals -Yes +Yes No No @@ -176,7 +177,7 @@Dynamic closures -Yes +Yes No No @@ -185,7 +186,7 @@Typesafe variadic arguments -Yes +Yes No No @@ -197,7 +198,7 @@Lightweight arrays -Yes +Yes Yes Yes @@ -206,25 +207,25 @@Resizeable arrays -Yes +Yes No -No +No No No Built-in strings -Yes +Yes No -No +No Yes Yes Array slicing -Yes +Yes No No @@ -233,7 +234,7 @@Array bounds checking -Yes +Yes No No @@ -242,7 +243,7 @@Associative arrays -Yes +Yes No No @@ -251,7 +252,7 @@Strong typedefs -Yes +Yes No No @@ -260,7 +261,7 @@String switches -Yes +Yes No No @@ -269,7 +270,7 @@Aliases -Yes +Yes Yes Yes @@ -297,7 +298,7 @@Interfaces -Yes +Yes No Yes @@ -306,7 +307,7 @@Operator overloading -Yes +Yes No Yes @@ -315,7 +316,7 @@Modules -Yes +Yes No Yes @@ -332,7 +333,7 @@Nested classes -Yes +Yes Yes Yes @@ -341,7 +342,7 @@Inner (adaptor) classes -Yes +Yes No No @@ -350,7 +351,7 @@Covariant return types -Yes +Yes No Yes @@ -359,10 +360,10 @@@@ -371,7 +372,7 @@ Properties -Yes +Yes No -No +No Yes No Inline assembler -Yes +Yes Yes Yes @@ -388,7 +389,7 @@Lightweight objects -Yes +Yes Yes Yes @@ -397,7 +398,7 @@Explicit memory allocation control -Yes +Yes Yes Yes @@ -425,7 +426,7 @@Class Templates -Yes +Yes No Yes @@ -434,7 +435,7 @@Function Templates -Yes +Yes No Yes @@ -451,7 +452,7 @@Partial and Explicit Specialization -Yes +Yes No Yes @@ -460,7 +461,7 @@Value Template Parameters -Yes +Yes No Yes @@ -469,7 +470,7 @@Template Template Parameters -Yes +Yes No Yes @@ -478,16 +479,16 @@Mixins -Yes +Yes No -No +No No No static if -Yes +Yes No No @@ -496,7 +497,7 @@is expressions -Yes +Yes No No @@ -505,7 +506,7 @@typeof -Yes +Yes No No @@ -514,7 +515,7 @@foreach -Yes +Yes No No @@ -523,7 +524,7 @@Implicit Type Inference -Yes +Yes No No @@ -535,16 +536,16 @@Contract Programming -Yes +Yes No -No +No No No Unit testing -Yes +Yes No No @@ -553,7 +554,7 @@Static construction order -Yes +Yes No No @@ -562,7 +563,7 @@Guaranteed initialization -Yes +Yes No No @@ -571,7 +572,7 @@RAII (automatic destructors) -Yes +Yes No Yes @@ -580,7 +581,7 @@Exception handling -Yes +Yes No Yes @@ -589,7 +590,7 @@Scope guards -Yes +Yes No No @@ -598,7 +599,7 @@try-catch-finally blocks -Yes +Yes No No @@ -607,7 +608,7 @@Thread synchronization primitives -Yes +Yes No No @@ -627,7 +628,7 @@Enumerated types -Yes +Yes Yes Yes @@ -636,7 +637,7 @@Support all C types -Yes +Yes Yes No @@ -645,7 +646,7 @@80 bit floating point -Yes +Yes Yes Yes @@ -654,16 +655,16 @@Complex and Imaginary -Yes +Yes Yes -No +No No No Direct access to C -Yes +Yes Yes Yes @@ -680,11 +681,11 @@@@ -697,7 +698,7 @@ Struct member alignment control -Yes +Yes -No -No -No +No +No +No No Macro text preprocessor -No +No Yes Yes No @@ -708,7 +709,7 @@Conditional compilation -Yes +Yes Yes Yes @@ -717,7 +718,7 @@Unicode source text -Yes +Yes Yes Yes @@ -726,7 +727,7 @@Documentation comments -Yes +Yes No No diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/cppcomplex.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/cppcomplex.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/cppcomplex.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/cppcomplex.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:57 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/cppdbc.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/cppdbc.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/cppdbc.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/cppdbc.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">CommentsLast update Tue Jun 6 16:38:19 2006- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:57 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/cppstrings.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/cppstrings.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/cppstrings.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/cppstrings.html 2006-06-13 16:10:04.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,11 +28,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">CommentsLast update Tue Jun 6 16:38:19 2006- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:56 2006 +@@ -236,14 +237,19 @@Last update Tue Jun 13 16:10:04 2006In D, strings can be implicitly converted to char*:
-void foo(char *); +void foo(char*); char[] s1; foo(s1);+although for this to work where foo expects a 0 terminated + string, s1 must have a terminating 0. Alternatively, the + function std.string.toStringz will ensure it:
+ +void foo(char*); +char[] s1; +foo(std.string.toStringz(s1)); +-Note: some will argue that it is a mistake in D to have an implicit - conversion from char[] to char*. -
Array Bounds Checking
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/cpptod.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/cpptod.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/cpptod.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/cpptod.html 2006-06-16 00:33:16.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:56 2006 +@@ -308,7 +309,7 @@ No need for idiomatic constructions like the above. Just write: -Last update Fri Jun 16 00:33:14 2006typedef void *Handle = cast(void *)-1; +typedef void* Handle = cast(void*)-1; void bar(Handle); Handle h; diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/ctod.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/ctod.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/ctod.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/ctod.html 2006-06-16 00:33:16.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,11 +28,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:56 2006 +@@ -763,11 +764,12 @@ and dummy members are necessary:Last update Fri Jun 16 00:33:14 2006struct Foo -{ int i; +{ + int i; union Bar - { - struct Abc { int x; long y; } _abc; - char *p; + { + struct Abc { int x; long y; } _abc; + char *p; } _bar; }; @@ -792,11 +794,12 @@ more natural manner:struct Foo -{ int i; +{ + int i; union - { - struct { int x; long y; } - char* p; + { + struct { int x; long y; } + char* p; } } @@ -1304,45 +1307,47 @@ is created and a pointer to it is used to maximize efficiency.struct Symbol -{ char *id; -struct Symbol *left; -struct Symbol *right; +{ + char *id; + struct Symbol *left; + struct Symbol *right; }; struct Paramblock -{ char *id; -struct Symbol *sm; +{ + char *id; + struct Symbol *sm; }; static void membersearchx(struct Paramblock *p, struct Symbol *s) { -while (s) -{ - if (strcmp(p->id,s->id) == 0) - { - if (p->sm) - error("ambiguous member %s\n",p->id); - p->sm = s; - } - - if (s->left) - membersearchx(p,s->left); - s = s->right; -} + while (s) + { + if (strcmp(p->id,s->id) == 0) + { + if (p->sm) + error("ambiguous member %s\n",p->id); + p->sm = s; + } + + if (s->left) + membersearchx(p,s->left); + s = s->right; + } } struct Symbol *symbol_membersearch(Symbol *table[], int tablemax, char *id) { -struct Paramblock pb; -int i; + struct Paramblock pb; + int i; -pb.id = id; -pb.sm = NULL; -for (i = 0; i < tablemax; i++) -{ - membersearchx(pb, table[i]); -} -return pb.sm; + pb.id = id; + pb.sm = NULL; + for (i = 0; i < tablemax; i++) + { + membersearchx(pb, table[i]); + } + return pb.sm; }diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/dbc.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/dbc.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/dbc.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/dbc.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:57 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/dcompiler.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/dcompiler.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/dcompiler.html 2006-06-03 20:30:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/dcompiler.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Sat Jun 3 20:30:56 2006 +@@ -91,10 +92,14 @@ @@ -102,7 +107,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006Tools
-
- DMD D Compiler
-- GDC D Compiler
+- GDC D Compiler
- Linker
@@ -226,13 +231,13 @@diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/ddoc.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/ddoc.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/ddoc.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/ddoc.html 2006-06-13 16:04:04.000000000 +0200 @@ -26,11 +26,12 @@ -
- 32 bit Windows (Win32) operating system, such as Windows XP -
- - +
- dmd.zip (D compiler) for Win32 +
-- - +
- dmc.zip (linker and utilities) for Win32 +
Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -105,8 +106,6 @@Last update Tue Jun 13 16:04:03 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
@@ -608,7 +607,7 @@ text preprocessor. When a $(NAME) appears in section text it is replaced with NAME's corresponding - replacment text. + replacement text. The replacement text is then recursively scanned for more macros. If a macro is recursively encountered, with no argument or with the same argument text as the enclosing macro, it is replaced @@ -649,7 +648,7 @@Macro redefinitions replace previous definitions of the same name. This means that the sequence of macro definitions from the various - sources forms a heirarchy. + sources forms a hierarchy.
Macro names beginning with "D_" and "DDOC_" are reserved. @@ -926,7 +925,7 @@
Using Ddoc for other Documentation
-Ddoc is primarilly designed for use in producing documentation +
Ddoc is primarily designed for use in producing documentation from embedded comments. It can also, however, be used for processing other general documentation. The reason for doing this would be to take advantage of the diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/declaration.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/declaration.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/declaration.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/declaration.html 2006-06-16 00:33:16.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments
- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
Last update Wed May 31 17:11:57 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Fri Jun 16 00:33:14 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
@@ -535,6 +534,16 @@ The distinction is made in the semantic analysis pass. +Aliases cannot be used for expressions:
+ +struct S { static int i; } +S s; + +alias s.i a; // illegal, s.i is an expression +alias S.i b; // ok +b = 4; // sets S.i to 4 ++Extern Declarations
Variable declarations with the storage class extern are diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/dlinks.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/dlinks.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/dlinks.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/dlinks.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -26,11 +26,12 @@ -Last update Wed May 31 17:11:56 2006 +@@ -90,10 +91,14 @@ @@ -101,7 +106,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:19 2006Tools
-
- DMD D Compiler
-- GDC D Compiler
+- GDC D Compiler
- Linker
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/dll.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/dll.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/dll.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/dll.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -26,11 +26,12 @@ -Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -90,10 +91,14 @@ @@ -101,7 +106,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006Tools
-
- DMD D Compiler
-- GDC D Compiler
+- GDC D Compiler
- Linker
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/download.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/download.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/download.html 1970-01-01 01:00:00.000000000 +0100 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/download.html 2006-06-06 16:38:22.000000000 +0200 @@ -0,0 +1,241 @@ + + + + + + + + + + +D Programming Language - Downloads + + + + + +++ + + + + + ++ + + +
Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:21 2006 ++++ + + + + +Downloads
+ ++
+ + + +- + dmd.zip (D compiler) for Win32 and Linux +
+ +- + dmc.zip (linker and utilities) for Win32 +
+ +- + GDC - D Programming Language for GCC +
+ +- + Mac OS X version of GDC +
+ +- + DMDScript source +
+ +- + Empire 2.01 source +
+
+
+ + + + ++Copyright © 1999-2006 by Digital Mars, All Rights Reserved | +Page generated by Ddoc. | +Comments ++ + + + diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/dstyle.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/dstyle.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/dstyle.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/dstyle.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -91,10 +92,14 @@ @@ -102,7 +107,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006Tools
-
- DMD D Compiler
-- GDC D Compiler
+- GDC D Compiler
- Linker
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/entity.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/entity.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/entity.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/entity.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/enum.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/enum.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/enum.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/enum.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
Last update Wed May 31 17:11:57 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/errors.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/errors.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/errors.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/errors.html 2006-06-13 16:04:04.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:57 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Tue Jun 13 16:04:03 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
@@ -190,18 +189,18 @@ blade guards.-What's needed is an error handling philosophy and methodology that is: +What's needed is an error handling philosophy and methodology such that:
-
- Standardized - consistent usage makes it more useful. -
- Produces a reasonable result even if the programmer fails +
- It is standardized - consistent usage makes it more useful. +
- The result is reasonable even if the programmer fails to check for errors. -
- Allows old code to be reused with new code without having +
- Old code can be reused with new code without having to modify the old code to be compatible with new error types.
- No errors get inadvertently ignored. -
- Allows 'quick and dirty' utilities to be written that still +
- 'Quick and dirty' utilities to be written that still correctly handle errors. -
- Easy to make the error handling source code look good. +
- It is easy to make the error handling source code look good.
The D Error Handling Solution
@@ -238,17 +237,17 @@ How does this meet our criteria?-
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/exception-safe.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/exception-safe.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/exception-safe.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/exception-safe.html 2006-06-13 16:04:04.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- Standardized - consistent usage makes it more useful. +
- It is standardized - consistent usage makes it more useful.
- This is the D way, and is used consistently in the D runtime library and examples. -
- Produces a reasonable result even if the programmer fails +
- The result is reasonable result even if the programmer fails to check for errors.
- If no catch handlers are there for the errors, then the program gracefully exits through the default error handler with an appropriate message. -
- Allows old code to be reused with new code without having +
- Old code can be reused with new code without having to modify the old code to be compatible with new error types.
- Old code can decide to catch all errors, or only specific ones, propagating the rest upwards. In any case, there is no more @@ -260,14 +259,14 @@ like a NULL pointer return indicating an error, followed by trying to use that NULL pointer. -
- Allows 'quick and dirty' utilities to be written that still +
- 'Quick and dirty' utilities can be written that still correctly handle errors.
- Quick and dirty code need not write any error handling code at all, and don't need to check for errors. The errors will be caught, an appropriate message displayed, and the program gracefully shut down all by default. -
- Easy to make the error handling source code look good. +
- It is easy to make the error handling source code look good.
- The try/catch/finally statements look a lot nicer than endless if (error) goto errorhandler; statements.
- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -91,10 +92,14 @@ @@ -102,7 +107,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 13 16:04:03 2006Tools
- DMD D Compiler
-- GDC D Compiler
+- GDC D Compiler
- Linker
@@ -415,7 +420,7 @@Example
-The next example involves temporarilly changing the state of some object. +The next example involves temporarily changing the state of some object. Suppose there's a class data member verbose, which controls the emission of messages logging the activity of the class. Inside one of the methods, verbose needs to be turned off because @@ -437,7 +442,7 @@ There's a problem if Foo.bar() exits via an exception - the verbose flag state is not restored. -That's easilly fixed with scope(exit): +That's easily fixed with scope(exit):class Foo { @@ -466,7 +471,7 @@The RAII solution would be to try and capture the false state of verbose as a resource, an abstraction that doesn't make much sense. -The try-finally solution requires arbitrarilly large separation between +The try-finally solution requires arbitrarily large separation between the conceptually linked set and reset code, besides requiring the addition of an irrelevant scope.
@@ -536,7 +541,7 @@ Consider giving feedback to the user about a lengthy operation (mouse changes to an hourglass, window title is red/italicized, ...). -With scope(exit) that can be easilly done without +With scope(exit) that can be easily done without needing to make an artificial resource out of whatever UI state element used for the cues: diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/expression.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/expression.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/expression.html 2006-06-02 14:23:16.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/expression.html 2006-06-19 11:50:12.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Fri Jun 2 14:23:14 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Mon Jun 19 11:50:11 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
@@ -242,7 +241,6 @@ CastExpression NewAnonClassExpression ( Type ) . Identifier - ( Expression ) CastExpression: cast ( Type ) UnaryExpression @@ -277,10 +275,11 @@ CharacterLiteral StringLiterals FunctionLiteral - AssertExpression + AssertExpression BasicType . Identifier typeid ( Type ) IsExpression + ( Expression ) StringLiterals: StringLiteral @@ -1058,22 +1057,24 @@Function Literals
FunctionLiteral - function FunctionBody - function Parameters FunctionBody - function Type Parameters FunctionBody - delegate FunctionBody - delegate Parameters FunctionBody - delegate Type Parameters FunctionBody + function Typeopt ( ArgumentList )opt FunctionBody + delegate Typeopt ( ArgumentList )opt FunctionBody + ( ArgumentList ) FunctionBody + FunctionBodyFunctionLiterals enable embedding anonymous functions and anonymous delegates directly into expressions. Type is the return type of the function or delegate, - if omitted it defaults to void. - Parameters forms the parameters to the function. - If omitted it defaults to the empty parameter list (). + if omitted it is inferred from any ReturnStatements + in the FunctionBody. + ( ArgumentList ) + forms the arguments to the function. + If omitted it defaults to the empty argument list (). The type of a function literal is pointer to function or pointer to delegate. + If the keywords function or delegate are omitted, + it defaults to being a delegate.For example: @@ -1121,6 +1122,18 @@ } +
and the following where the return type int is + inferred:
+ +int abc(int delegate(long i)); + +void test() +{ int b = 3; + + abc( (long c) { return 6 + b; } ); +} ++ Anonymous delegates can behave like arbitrary statement literals. For example, here an arbitrary statement is executed by a loop: @@ -1136,8 +1149,8 @@ } } - loop(5, 100, delegate { d += 1; } ); - loop(3, 10, delegate { f += 1; } ); + loop(5, 100, { d += 1; } ); + loop(3, 10, { f += 3; } ); return d + f; } @@ -1173,7 +1186,9 @@The expression assert(0) is a special case; it signifies that it is unreachable code. Either AssertError is thrown at runtime if it is reachable, - or a HLT instruction is executed. + or the execution is halted + (on the x86 processor, a HLT instruction can be used to halt + execution). The optimization and code generation phases of compilation may assume that it is unreachable code.
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/faq.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/faq.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/faq.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/faq.html 2006-06-16 00:33:16.000000000 +0200 @@ -26,11 +26,12 @@ -Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -90,10 +91,14 @@ @@ -101,7 +106,7 @@Last update Fri Jun 16 00:33:14 2006Tools
@@ -272,7 +278,7 @@ it is. But a vaporware language is useless to everyone. The easier a language is to implement, the more robust implementations there will be. In C's - heyday, there were 30 different commericial C compilers for the IBM PC. + heyday, there were 30 different commercial C compilers for the IBM PC. Not many made the transition to C++. In looking at the C++ compilers on the market today, how many years of development went into each? At least 10 years? Programmers waited years @@ -511,7 +517,7 @@ unintended default initializations will be consistent and therefore more debuggable. -
- DMD D Compiler
-- GDC D Compiler
+- GDC D Compiler
- Linker
@@ -203,7 +208,7 @@- How do I do anonymous struct/unions in D?
- How do I get printf() to work with strings?
- Why are floating point values default initialized to nan rather than 0?
-- Why is overload the assignment operator not supported?
+- Why is overloading of the assignment operator not supported?
- The '~' is not on my keyboard?
- Can I link in C object files created with another compiler?
- Why not support regular expression literals @@ -213,6 +218,7 @@
- Why aren't all Digital Mars programs translated to D?
- When should I use a foreach loop rather than a for?
- Why cannot D code directly call existing C++ code?
+- Why doesn't D use reference counting for garbage collection?
Why is overload the assignment operator not supported?
+Why is overloading of the assignment operator not supported?
Most of the assignment operator overloading in C++ seems to be needed to just keep track of who owns the memory. So by using reference types @@ -609,7 +615,7 @@The front end is in C++ in order to interface to the existing gcc and dmd back ends. - It's also meant to be easilly interfaced to other existing back ends, + It's also meant to be easily interfaced to other existing back ends, which are likely written in C++. The D implementation of DMDScript, @@ -658,19 +664,19 @@ or: -
for (T *p = &foo[0]; p < &foo[length]; p++) +for (T* p = &foo[0]; p < &foo[length]; p++)or: -T *end = &foo[length]; -for (T *p = &foo[0]; p < pend; ++p) +T* end = &foo[length]; +for (T* p = &foo[0]; p < pend; ++p)or: -T *end = &foo[length]; -T *p = &foo[0]; +T* end = &foo[length]; +T* p = &foo[0]; if (p < pend) { do @@ -748,7 +754,7 @@- The C++ name mangling varies from compiler to compiler.
-- C++ throws exceptions of arbitrary type, not just descendents of +
- C++ throws exceptions of arbitrary type, not just descendants of Object.
- C++ overloads based on const and volatile. D does not.
@@ -802,6 +808,56 @@ a honda welded to the right side of a camaro. +Why doesn't D use reference counting for garbage collection?
+ +Reference counting has its advantages, but some severe disadvantages: +
+ ++
+ +- cyclical data structures won't get free'd
+ +- every pointer copy requires an increment and a corresponding + decrement - including when simply passing a reference to a function
+ +- in a multithreaded app, the incs and decs must be synchronized
+ +- exception handlers (finally's) must be inserted to handle all the + decs so there are no leaks. Contrary to assertions otherwise, there is + no such thing as "zero overhead exceptions."
+ +- in order to support slicing and interior pointers, as well as + supporting reference counting on arbitrary allocations of non-object + data, a separate "wrapper" object must be allocated for each allocation + to be ref counted. This essentially doubles the number of allocations + needed.
+ +- The wrapper object will mean that all pointers will need to be + double-dereferenced to access the data.
+ +- Fixing the compiler to hide all this stuff from the programmer will + make it difficult to interface cleanly with C.
+ +- Ref counting can fragment the heap thereby consuming more memory + just like the gc can, though the gc typically will consume more memory + overall.
+ +- Ref counting does not eliminated latency problems, it just reduces + them.
+ +The proposed C++ shared_ptr<>, which implements ref counting, + suffers from all these faults. I haven't seen a heads up benchmark of + shared_ptr<> vs mark/sweep, but I wouldn't be surprised if shared_ptr<> + turned out to be a significant loser in terms of both performance and + memory consumption. +
+ +That said, D may in the future optionally support some form of ref + counting, as rc is better for managing scarce resources like file + handles. +
+ diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/float.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/float.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/float.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/float.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/function.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/function.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/function.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/function.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:57 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/future.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/future.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/future.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/future.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -91,10 +92,14 @@ @@ -102,7 +107,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006Tools
-
- DMD D Compiler
-- GDC D Compiler
+- GDC D Compiler
- Linker
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/garbage.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/garbage.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/garbage.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/garbage.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/glossary.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/glossary.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/glossary.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/glossary.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -91,10 +92,14 @@ @@ -102,7 +107,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006Tools
-
- DMD D Compiler
-- GDC D Compiler
+- GDC D Compiler
- Linker
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/html.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/html.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/html.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/html.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/htod.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/htod.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/htod.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/htod.html 2006-06-06 16:38:22.000000000 +0200 @@ -26,11 +26,12 @@ -Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -90,10 +91,14 @@ @@ -101,7 +106,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:21 2006Tools
-
- DMD D Compiler
-- GDC D Compiler
+- GDC D Compiler
- Linker
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/htomodule.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/htomodule.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/htomodule.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/htomodule.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -26,11 +26,12 @@ -Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -90,10 +91,14 @@ @@ -101,7 +106,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006Tools
-
- DMD D Compiler
-- GDC D Compiler
+- GDC D Compiler
- Linker
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/iasm.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/iasm.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/iasm.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/iasm.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/index.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/index.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/index.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/index.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
Last update Wed May 31 17:11:57 2006 +@@ -91,10 +92,14 @@ @@ -102,7 +107,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:19 2006Tools
-
- DMD D Compiler
-- GDC D Compiler
+- GDC D Compiler
- Linker
@@ -213,7 +218,7 @@There are currently two implementations, the Digital Mars DMD package for Win32 and x86 Linux, and the -Gnu D package for +Gnu D package for several platforms, including Mac OS X.
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/interface.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/interface.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/interface.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/interface.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/interfaceToC.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/interfaceToC.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/interfaceToC.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/interfaceToC.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/intro.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/intro.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/intro.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/intro.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:57 2006 +@@ -91,10 +92,14 @@ @@ -102,7 +107,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:19 2006Tools
-
- DMD D Compiler
-- GDC D Compiler
+- GDC D Compiler
- Linker
@@ -213,7 +218,7 @@There are currently two implementations, the Digital Mars DMD package for Win32 and x86 Linux, and the -Gnu D package for +Gnu D package for several platforms, including Mac OS X.
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/lex.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/lex.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/lex.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/lex.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
Last update Wed May 31 17:11:57 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:19 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/memory.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/memory.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/memory.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/memory.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -62,74 +63,123 @@ -Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006- Enums
+ -- Contracts
+ -- Named Character Entities
+ + + + + +--Memory Management
+Memory Management
Any non-trivial program needs to allocate and free memory. Memory management techniques become more and more important as @@ -147,8 +197,8 @@ garbage collection heap. - This chapter describes techniques for using them, as well - as some advanced alternatives: + The techniques for using them, as well + as some advanced alternatives are:
- Strings (and Array) Copy-on-Write @@ -161,6 +211,7 @@
- RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization)
- Allocating Class Instances On The Stack
- Allocating Uninitialized Arrays On The Stack +
- Interrupt Service Routines
Strings (and Array) Copy-on-Write
@@ -239,7 +290,7 @@ garbage collection, the latency is theoretically not bound. The most reliable way to guarantee latency is to preallocate all data that will be needed by the time critical portion. - If no calls to allocate memory are done, the gc will not run + If no calls to allocate memory are done, the GC will not run and so will not cause the maximum latency to be exceeded.Smooth Operation
@@ -256,15 +307,15 @@- Preallocate all data needed before the part of the code that needs to be smooth is run. -
- Manually run a gc collection cycle at points in program +
- Manually run a GC collection cycle at points in program execution where it is already paused. An example of such a place would be where the program has just displayed a prompt for user input and the user has not responded yet. This reduces the odds that a collection cycle will be needed during the smooth code. -
- Call gc.disable() before the smooth code is run, and - gc.enable() afterwards. This will cause the gc to favor allocating +
- Call std.gc.disable() before the smooth code is run, and + std.gc.enable() afterwards. This will cause the GC to favor allocating more memory instead of running a collection pass. @@ -322,7 +373,7 @@
- It is not necessary to practice RAII with this, since if any objects are not passed to deallocate() when done, because of a thrown exception, they'll eventually get picked up by - the gc anyway. + the GC anyway.
Reference Counting
@@ -371,7 +422,7 @@ delete(void* p) { if (p) - { gc.removeRange(p); + { std.gc.removeRange(p); std.c.stdlib.free(p); } } @@ -405,7 +456,7 @@ scanned automatically. The C heap is not. Therefore, if Foo or any class derived from Foo using the allocator contains any references to data allocated by the garbage collector, the - gc needs to be notified. This is done with the gc.addRange() + GC needs to be notified. This is done with the std.gc.addRange() method.- No initialization of the memory is necessary, as code @@ -423,16 +474,20 @@
- The pointer p may be null. -
- If the gc was notified with gc.addRange(), a corresponding - call to gc.removeRange() must happen in the deallocator. +
- If the GC was notified with std.gc.addRange(), a corresponding + call to std.gc.removeRange() must happen in the deallocator.
- If there is a delete(), there should be a corresponding new(). - If memory is allocated using class specific allocators and deallocators, +
If memory is allocated using class specific allocators and deallocators, careful coding practices must be followed to avoid memory leaks and dangling references. In the presence of exceptions, it is particularly important to practice RAII to prevent memory leaks. +
+ +Custom allocators and deallocators can be done for structs + and unions, too.
Mark/Release
@@ -456,8 +511,8 @@ p = malloc(bufsize); if (!p) - throw new OutOfMemory; - gc.addRange(p, p + bufsize); + throw new OutOfMemoryException; + std.gc.addRange(p, p + bufsize); buffer = p[0 .. bufsize]; } @@ -465,7 +520,7 @@ { if (buffer.length) { - gc.removeRange(buffer); + std.gc.removeRange(buffer); free(buffer); buffer = null; } @@ -508,7 +563,7 @@- The allocation of buffer[] itself is added as - a region to the gc, so there is no need for a separate + a region to the GC, so there is no need for a separate call inside Foo.new() to do it.
RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization)
@@ -520,7 +575,8 @@Allocating Class Instances On The Stack
- Allocating class instances on the stack is useful for temporary + Allocating class instances on the stack using an + overridden new and delete is useful for temporary objects that are to be automatically deallocated when the function is exited. No special handling is needed to account for function termination via stack unwinding from an exception. @@ -551,18 +607,18 @@ void test() { - Foo f = new(std.c.stdlib.alloca(Foo.classinfo.init.length)) Foo; + Foo f = new(alloca(Foo.classinfo.init.length)) Foo; ... } --
- There is no need to check for a failure of alloca() and +
+
- There is no need to check for a failure of alloca() and throw an exception, since by definition alloca() will generate a stack overflow exception if it overflows. -
- There is no need for a call to gc.addRange() or gc.removeRange() - since the gc automatically scans the stack anyway. +
- There is no need for a call to std.gc.addRange() or + std.gc.removeRange() + since the GC automatically scans the stack anyway.
- The dummy delete() function is to ensure that no attempts are made to delete a stack based object. @@ -601,8 +657,8 @@
- The uninitialized data that is on the stack will get scanned by the garbage collector looking for any references to allocated memory. Since the uninitialized data consists of old D stack frames, it is highly - likely that some of that garbage will look like references into the gc - heap, and the gc memory will not get freed. This problem really does + likely that some of that garbage will look like references into the GC + heap, and the GC memory will not get freed. This problem really does happen, and can be pretty frustrating to track down.
- It's possible for a function to pass out of it a reference to data @@ -622,6 +678,40 @@
Interrupt Service Routines
+ +When the garbage collector does a collection pass, it must + pause all running threads in order to scan their stacks and register + contents for references to GC allocated objects. + If an ISR (Interrupt Service Routine) thread is paused, + this can break the program. +
+ +Therefore, the ISR thread should not be paused. + Threads created with the std.thread + functions will be paused. But threads created with C's + _beginthread() or equivalent won't be, the GC + won't know they exist. +
+ +For this to work successfully:
+ ++
- The ISR thread cannot allocate any memory using the GC. + This means that the global new cannot be used. + Nor can dynamic arrays be resized, nor can any elements be + added to associative arrays. Any use of the D runtime library + should be examined for any possibility of allocating GC memory - + or better yet, the ISR should not call any D runtime library + functions at all.
+ +- The ISR cannot hold the sole reference to any GC allocated + memory, otherwise the GC may free the memory while the ISR + is still using it. The solution is to have one of the paused + threads hold a reference to it too, or store a reference to + it in global data.
+ +
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/mixin.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/mixin.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/mixin.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/mixin.html 2006-06-17 01:44:48.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
Last update Wed May 31 17:11:57 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Sat Jun 17 01:44:47 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
@@ -231,7 +230,7 @@ } - Mixins are evaluted in the scope of where they appear, not the scope + Mixins are evaluated in the scope of where they appear, not the scope of the template declaration:int y = 3; @@ -336,11 +335,13 @@template Foo() { int x = 5; + void func(int x) { } } template Bar() { int x = 4; + void func() { } } mixin Foo; @@ -349,23 +350,29 @@ void test() { printf("x = %d\n", x); // error, x is ambiguous + func(); // error, func is ambiguous }+The call to func() is ambiguous because + Foo.func and Bar.func are in different scopes. +
- If a mixin has a MixinIdentifier, it can be used to +If a mixin has a MixinIdentifier, it can be used to disambiguate: - +
int x = 6; template Foo() { int x = 5; int y = 7; + void func() { } } template Bar() { int x = 4; + void func() { } } mixin Foo F; @@ -377,11 +384,39 @@ printf("x = %d\n", x); // prints 6 printf("F.x = %d\n", F.x); // prints 5 printf("B.x = %d\n", B.x); // prints 4 + F.func(); // calls Foo.func + B.func(); // calls Bar.func }+Alias declarations can be used to overload together + functions declared in different mixins:
+ +template Foo() +{ + void func(int x) { } +} + +template Bar() +{ + void func() { } +} + +mixin Foo!() F; +mixin Bar!() B; + +alias F.func func; +alias B.func func; + +void main() +{ + func(); // calls B.func + func(1); // calls F.func +} ++ - A mixin has its own scope, even if a declaration is overridden - by the enclosing one: +A mixin has its own scope, even if a declaration is overridden + by the enclosing one:
int x = 4; diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/module.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/module.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/module.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/module.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:57 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:19 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/operatoroverloading.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/operatoroverloading.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/operatoroverloading.html 2006-06-02 17:53:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/operatoroverloading.html 2006-06-07 00:54:00.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Fri Jun 2 17:53:49 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Wed Jun 7 00:54:00 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
@@ -430,7 +429,7 @@diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/overview.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/overview.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/overview.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/overview.html 2006-06-13 16:04:04.000000000 +0200 @@ -26,11 +26,12 @@ - in no opIn -- + opIn_r Last update Wed May 31 17:11:57 2006 +@@ -90,10 +91,14 @@ @@ -101,7 +106,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 13 16:04:02 2006Tools
@@ -767,7 +772,7 @@ all these variations.
- DMD D Compiler
-- GDC D Compiler
+- GDC D Compiler
- Linker
@@ -434,7 +439,7 @@- Tag name space. This misfeature of C is where the tag names - of struct's are in a separate but parallel symbol table. C++ + of structs are in a separate but parallel symbol table. C++ attempted to merge the tag name space with the regular name space, while retaining backward compatibility with legacy C code. The result is needlessly confusing. @@ -574,7 +579,7 @@ For example, D has constructs and semantics that virtually eliminate the need for pointers for ordinary tasks. But pointers are still there, because sometimes the rules need to be broken. - Similary, casts are still there for those times when the typing + Similarly, casts are still there for those times when the typing system needs to be overridden.
- Third party tools may not be available for all the desired - platforms, and they're necessarilly on a different upgrade cycle + platforms, and they're necessarily on a different upgrade cycle from the compilers.
- Having it builtin to the compiler means it is standardized across @@ -846,7 +851,7 @@
- Arrays are not first class objects. When an array is passed to a function, it is - converted to a pointer,even though the prototype confusingly says it's an + converted to a pointer, even though the prototype confusingly says it's an array. When this conversion happens, all array type information gets lost.
@@ -956,7 +961,7 @@Lightweight Aggregates
-D supports simple C style struct's, both for compatibility with +
D supports simple C style structs, both for compatibility with C data structures and because they're useful when the full power of classes is overkill.
@@ -1006,7 +1011,7 @@Unit tests can be added to a class, such that they are automatically run upon program startup. This aids in verifying, in every build, - that class implementations weren't inadvertantly broken. The unit + that class implementations weren't inadvertently broken. The unit tests form part of the source code for a class. Creating them becomes a natural part of the class development process, as opposed to throwing the finished code over the wall to the testing group. diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/object.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/object.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/object.html 2006-06-04 02:35:48.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/object.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -
Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:47 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/phobos.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/phobos.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/phobos.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/phobos.html 2006-06-19 20:51:28.000000000 +0200 @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:24 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:49 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_base64.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_base64.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_base64.html 2006-06-04 02:35:48.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_base64.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:27 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:47 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_bitarray.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_bitarray.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_bitarray.html 2006-06-04 02:35:48.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_bitarray.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:24 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:47 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_boxer.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_boxer.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_boxer.html 2006-06-04 02:35:48.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_boxer.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:25 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:47 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_fenv.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_fenv.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_fenv.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_fenv.html 2006-06-19 20:51:28.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:25 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:49 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_math.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_math.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_math.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_math.html 2006-06-19 20:51:28.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:26 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:49 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_compiler.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_compiler.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_compiler.html 2006-06-04 02:35:48.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_compiler.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:26 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:47 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_conv.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_conv.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_conv.html 2006-06-04 02:35:48.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_conv.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:24 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:47 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_cover.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_cover.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_cover.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_cover.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:25 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:48 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_process.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_process.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_process.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_process.html 2006-06-19 20:51:28.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:25 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:49 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_stdarg.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_stdarg.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_stdarg.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_stdarg.html 2006-06-19 20:51:28.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:27 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:49 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_stddef.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_stddef.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_stddef.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_stddef.html 2006-06-19 20:51:28.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:27 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:49 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_stdio.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_stdio.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_stdio.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_stdio.html 2006-06-19 20:51:28.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:27 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:49 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_stdlib.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_stdlib.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_stdlib.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_stdlib.html 2006-06-19 20:51:28.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:27 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:49 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_cstream.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_cstream.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_cstream.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_cstream.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:27 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:48 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_string.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_string.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_string.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_string.html 2006-06-19 20:51:28.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:25 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:49 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_time.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_time.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_time.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_time.html 2006-06-19 20:51:28.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:27 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:49 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_ctype.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_ctype.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_ctype.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_ctype.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:27 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:48 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_wcharh.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_wcharh.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_wcharh.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_c_wcharh.html 2006-06-19 20:51:28.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:25 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:49 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_date.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_date.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_date.html 2006-06-04 02:35:48.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_date.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:27 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:47 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_demangle.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_demangle.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_demangle.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_demangle.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:24 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:48 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_file.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_file.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_file.html 2006-06-04 02:35:48.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_file.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:25 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:47 2006 +@@ -332,9 +332,9 @@ void main(char[][] args) { - char[][] dirs = std.file.listdir(args[1]); + auto dirs = std.file.listdir(args[1]); - foreach (char[] d; dirs) + foreach (d; dirs) writefln(d); } @@ -366,9 +366,9 @@ void main(char[][] args) { - char[][] d_source_files = std.file.listdir(args[1], "*.d"); + auto d_source_files = std.file.listdir(args[1], "*.d"); - foreach (char[] d; d_source_files) + foreach (d; d_source_files) writefln(d); } @@ -380,9 +380,9 @@ void main(char[][] args) { - char[][] d_source_files = std.file.listdir(args[1], RegExp(r"\.(d|obj)$")); + auto d_source_files = std.file.listdir(args[1], RegExp(r"\.(d|obj)$")); - foreach (char[] d; d_source_files) + foreach (d; d_source_files) writefln(d); } @@ -410,21 +410,18 @@ void main(char[][] args) { - char[] pathname - = args[1]; + auto pathname = args[1]; char[][] result; bool listing(char[] filename) { - result ~= std.path.join(pathname -, filename); + result ~= std.path.join(pathname, filename); return true; // continue } - listdir(pathname -, &listing); + listdir(pathname, &listing); - foreach (char[] name; result) + foreach (name; result) writefln("%s", name); } @@ -451,19 +448,16 @@ void main(char[][] args) { - bool callback -(DirEntry* de) + bool callback(DirEntry* de) { if (de.isdir) - listdir(de.name, &callback -); + listdir(de.name, &callback); else writefln(de.name); return true; } - listdir(args[1], &callback -); + listdir(args[1], &callback); } diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_format.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_format.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_format.html 2006-06-04 02:35:48.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_format.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:24 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:47 2006 +@@ -397,14 +397,12 @@ void formattedPrint(...) { - void putc -(char c) + void putc(char c) { fputc(c, stdout); } - std.format.doFormat(&putc -, _arguments, _argptr); + std.format.doFormat(&putc, _arguments, _argptr); } ... diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_gc.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_gc.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_gc.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_gc.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:24 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:48 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_intrinsic.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_intrinsic.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_intrinsic.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_intrinsic.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:25 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:48 2006 +@@ -155,20 +155,14 @@ int main() { - uint v -; + uint v; int x; - v - = 0x21; - x = bsf(v -); - printf("bsf(x%x) = %d\n", v -, x); - x = bsr(v -); - printf("bsr(x%x) = %d\n", v -, x); + v = 0x21; + x = bsf(v); + printf("bsf(x%x) = %d\n", v, x); + x = bsr(v); + printf("bsr(x%x) = %d\n", v, x); return 0; } @@ -211,8 +205,7 @@Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:25 2006index a bit number, starting with bit 0 of p[0], and progressing. It addresses bits like the expression: - p -[index / (uint.sizeof*8)] & (1 << (index & ((uint.sizeof*8) - 1))) +p[index / (uint.sizeof*8)] & (1 << (index & ((uint.sizeof*8) - 1)))
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_math.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_math.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_math.html 2006-06-04 02:35:48.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_math.html 2006-06-19 20:51:24.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:46 2006 +@@ -425,16 +425,8 @@Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:23 2006- Calculates the inverse hyperbolic sine of x.
Mathematically, -asinh(x -) = log( x - + sqrt( x -*x - + 1 )) // if x >= +0 - asinh(x -) = -log(-x - + sqrt( x -*x - + 1 )) // if x <= -0 +-asinh(x) = log( x + sqrt( x*x + 1 )) // if x >= +0 + asinh(x) = -log(-x + sqrt( x*x + 1 )) // if x <= -0@@ -681,9 +673,7 @@ For a positive, finite x:
-1 <= x - * FLT_RADIX-logb(x -) < FLT_RADIX +1 <= x * FLT_RADIX-logb(x) < FLT_RADIXdiff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_md5.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_md5.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_md5.html 2006-06-04 02:35:48.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_md5.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -
Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:47 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_mmfile.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_mmfile.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_mmfile.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_mmfile.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:24 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:48 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_openrj.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_openrj.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_openrj.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_openrj.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:25 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:48 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_outbuffer.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_outbuffer.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_outbuffer.html 2006-06-04 02:35:48.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_outbuffer.html 2006-06-19 20:51:24.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:25 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:46 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_path.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_path.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_path.html 2006-06-04 02:35:48.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_path.html 2006-06-19 20:51:24.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:23 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:46 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_process.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_process.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_process.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_process.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:23 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:48 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_random.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_random.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_random.html 2006-06-04 02:35:48.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_random.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:25 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:47 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_regexp.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_regexp.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_regexp.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_regexp.html 2006-06-19 20:51:28.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:24 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:48 2006 +@@ -133,22 +133,56 @@Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:26 2006
-
+Attribute - Action + Attribute Characters +Attribute Action - g - global; repeat over the whole input string + g +global; repeat over the whole input string - i - case insensitive + i +case insensitive - m - treat as multiple lines separated by newlines + m +treat as multiple lines separated by newlines
+ + The format[] string has the formatting characters: +
++
+Formatting Characters ++ Format Replaced With + $$ $ ++ $& The matched substring. ++ $` The portion of string that precedes the matched substring. ++ $' The portion of string that follows the matched substring. ++ $n The nth capture, where n + is a single digit 1-9 + and n is not followed by a decimal digit. ++ $nn The nnth capture, where nn + is a two-digit decimal + number 01-99. + If nnth capture is undefined or more than the number + of parenthesized subexpressions, use the empty + string instead. +
+ + Any other $ are left as is. + +
+References:
+Wikipedia
- const char[] email; @@ -188,7 +222,18 @@
Regular expression attributes.
Returns:
-the resulting string. +the resulting string +
+Example:
+Replace the letters 'a' with the letters 'ZZ'. +s = "Strap a rocket engine on a chicken." + sub(s, "a", "ZZ") // result: StrZZp a rocket engine on a chicken. + sub(s, "a", "ZZ", "g") // result: StrZZp ZZ rocket engine on ZZ chicken. ++ The replacement format can reference the matches using + the $&, $$, $', $`, .. 9 notation: +sub(s, "[ar]", "[$&]", "g") // result: St[r][a]p [a] [r]ocket engine on [a] chi +
@@ -212,6 +257,17 @@
Returns:
the resulting string. +
+Example:
+Capitalize the letters 'a' and 'r': +s = "Strap a rocket engine on a chicken."; + sub(s, "[ar]", + delegate char[] (RegExp m) + { + return toupper(m.match(0)); + }, + "g"); // result: StRAp A Rocket engine on A chicken. +
@@ -230,6 +286,12 @@
Returns:
index into string[] of match if found, -1 if no match. +
+Example:
+auto s = "abcabcabab"; + std.regexp.find(s, "b"); // match, returns 1 + std.regexp.find(s, "f"); // no match, returns -1 +
@@ -248,6 +310,12 @@
Returns:
index into string[] of match if found, -1 if no match. +
+Example:
+auto s = "abcabcabab"; + std.regexp.find(s, "b"); // match, returns 9 + std.regexp.find(s, "f"); // no match, returns -1 +
@@ -256,12 +324,28 @@- Split string[] into an array of strings, using the regular expression pattern[] with attributes[] as the separator. - string = String to search. - pattern = Regular expression pattern. - attributes = Regular expression attributes.
+Params:
+
+ char[] string +String to search. + char[] pattern +Regular expression pattern. + char[] attributes +Regular expression attributes.
Returns:
array of slices into string[] +
+Example:
+foreach (s; split("abcabcabab", "C.", "i")) + { + writefln("s = '%s'", s); + } + // Prints: + // s = 'ab' + // s = 'b' + // s = 'bab' +
@@ -287,7 +371,7 @@ void main() { - if (m; std.regexp.search("abcdef", "c")) + if (auto m = std.regexp.search("abcdef", "c")) { writefln("%s[%s]%s", m.pre, m.match(0), m.post); } @@ -322,6 +406,12 @@
Throws:
RegExpException if there are any compilation errors. +
+Example:
+Declare two variables and assign to them a RegExp object: +auto r = new RegExp("pattern"); + auto s = new RegExp(r"p[1-5]\s*"); +
@@ -338,6 +428,12 @@
Throws:
RegExpException if there are any compilation errors. +
+Example:
+Declare two variables and assign to them a RegExp object: +auto r = RegExp("pattern"); + auto s = RegExp(r"p[1-5]\s*"); +
@@ -498,28 +594,6 @@- After a match is found with test(), this function will take the match results and, using the format string, generate and return a new string. - The format string has the formatting characters: -
-
- Any other $ are left as is.- Format Replaced With - $$ $ -- $& The matched substring. -- $` The portion of string that precedes the matched substring. -- $' The portion of string that follows the matched substring. -- $n The nth capture, where n is a single digit 1-9 - and $n is not followed by a decimal digit. -- $nn The nnth capture, where nn is a two-digit decimal - number 01-99. - If nnth capture is undefined or more than the number - of parenthesized subexpressions, use the empty - string instead. -
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_socket.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_socket.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_socket.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_socket.html 2006-06-19 20:51:28.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:48 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_socketstream.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_socketstream.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_socketstream.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_socketstream.html 2006-06-19 20:51:28.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:26 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:48 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_stdint.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_stdint.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_stdint.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_stdint.html 2006-06-19 20:51:28.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:26 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:48 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_stdio.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_stdio.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_stdio.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_stdio.html 2006-06-19 20:51:28.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:26 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:49 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_stream.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_stream.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_stream.html 2006-06-04 02:35:48.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_stream.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:26 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:46 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_string.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_string.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_string.html 2006-06-04 02:35:48.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_string.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:23 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:47 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_system.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_system.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_system.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_system.html 2006-06-19 20:51:28.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:24 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:49 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_thread.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_thread.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_thread.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_thread.html 2006-06-19 20:51:28.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:26 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:49 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_uni.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_uni.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_uni.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_uni.html 2006-06-19 20:51:28.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:26 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:49 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_uri.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_uri.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_uri.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_uri.html 2006-06-19 20:51:28.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:26 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:49 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_utf.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_utf.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_utf.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_utf.html 2006-06-19 20:51:28.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:26 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:49 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_windows_charset.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_windows_charset.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_windows_charset.html 2006-06-04 02:35:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_windows_charset.html 2006-06-19 20:51:28.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:26 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:49 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_zip.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_zip.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_zip.html 2006-06-04 02:35:48.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_zip.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:26 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:47 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_zlib.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_zlib.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_zlib.html 2006-06-04 02:35:48.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/phobos/std_zlib.html 2006-06-19 20:51:26.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ -Last update Mon Jun 19 20:51:24 2006Last update Sun Jun 4 02:35:47 2006 +diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/portability.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/portability.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/portability.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/portability.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">CommentsLast update Mon Jun 19 20:51:25 2006- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/pragma.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/pragma.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/pragma.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/pragma.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:57 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:19 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/pretod.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/pretod.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/pretod.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/pretod.html 2006-06-13 16:04:02.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:56 2006 +@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 13 16:04:02 2006The C Preprocessor Way
- C and C++ rely heavilly on textual inclusion of header files. + C and C++ rely heavily on textual inclusion of header files. This frequently results in the compiler having to recompile tens of thousands of lines of code over and over again for every source file, an obvious source of slow compile times. What header files are normally used for is @@ -191,11 +192,11 @@- Macros have no concept of scope; they are valid from the point of definition to the end of the source. They cut a swath across .h files, nested code, etc. When #include'ing tens of thousands of lines of macro definitions, it becomes - problematicalto avoid inadvertent macro expansions. + problematical to avoid inadvertent macro expansions.
- Macros are unknown to the debugger. Trying to debug a program with symbolic data is undermined by the debugger only knowing about macro - expansions, not themacros themselves. + expansions, not the macros themselves.
- Macros make it impossible to tokenize source code, as an earlier macro change can arbitrarily redo tokens. @@ -205,7 +206,7 @@ introduced with templates in C++.)
- Macros are still used to make up for deficits in the language's expressive - capabiltiy, such as for "wrappers" around header files. + capability, such as for "wrappers" around header files. @@ -306,10 +307,10 @@
The C Preprocessor Way
#define EXTERN extern -#include "declations.h" +#include "declarations.h" #undef EXTERN #define EXTERN -#include "declations.h" +#include "declarations.h"In declarations.h: @@ -377,7 +378,7 @@ }- Hiding __near or __far pointer wierdness: +
- Hiding __near or __far pointer weirdness:
The C Preprocessor Way
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/property.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/property.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/property.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/property.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:57 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:19 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/rationale.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/rationale.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/rationale.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/rationale.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -91,10 +92,14 @@ @@ -102,7 +107,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006Tools
-
- DMD D Compiler
-- GDC D Compiler
+- GDC D Compiler
- Linker
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/regular-expression.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/regular-expression.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/regular-expression.html 1970-01-01 01:00:00.000000000 +0100 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/regular-expression.html 2006-06-06 16:38:22.000000000 +0200 @@ -0,0 +1,377 @@ + + + + + + + + + + +The D Programming Language - Regular Expressions + + + + + +++ + + + + + +Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:21 2006 ++++ + + + +Regular Expressions
+ +Regular expressions are a powerful tool for + pattern matching on strings of text. They + are built in to the core of languages like Perl, + Ruby, and Javascript. Perl and Ruby are particulary + reknowned for adroitly handling regular expressions. + So why aren't they part of the D core language? + Read on and see how they're done in D compared with Ruby. +
+ +This article explains how to use regular expressions + in D. It doesn't explain regular expressions themselves, + after all, people have written entire books on that topic. + D's specific implementation of regular expressions + is entirely contained in the Phobos library module + std.regexp. + For a more advanced treatment of using regular expressions + in conjuction with template metaprogramming, see + Templates Revisited. +
+ +In Ruby a regular expression can be created + as a special literal: +
+ +r = /pattern/ +s = /p[1-5]\s*/ ++ +D doesn't have special literals for them, but they can + be created:
+ +r = RegExp("pattern"); +s = RegExp(r"p[1-5]\s*"); ++ +If the pattern contains backslash characters \, + wysiwyg string literals are used, which have the 'r' prefix + to the string. r and s are of type RegExp, but + we can use type inference to declare and assign them automatically: +
+ +auto r = RegExp("pattern"); +auto s = RegExp(r"p[1-5]\s*"); ++ +To check for a match of a string s with a regular expression + in Ruby, use the ~= operator, which returns the index of the + first match:
+ +s = "abcabcabab" +s =~ /b/ /* match, returns 1 */ +s =~ /f/ /* no match, returns nil */ ++ +In D this looks like: +
+ +auto s = "abcabcabab"; +std.regexp.find(s, "b"); /* match, returns 1 */ +std.regexp.find(s, "f"); /* no match, returns -1 */ ++ +Note the equivalence to std.string.find, which searches for + substring matches rather than regular expression matches.
+ +The Ruby =~ operator sets some implicitly defined variables + based on the result:
+ +s = "abcdef" +if s =~ /c/ + "#{$`}[#{$&}]#{$'}" /* generates string ab[c]def ++ +The function std.regexp.search() returns a RegExp object + describing the match, which can be exploited: +
+ +auto m = std.regexp.search("abcdef", "c"); +if (m) + writefln("%s[%s]%s", m.pre, m.match(0), m.post); ++ +Or even more concisely as: +
+ +if (m; std.regexp.search("abcdef", "c")) + writefln("%s[%s]%s", m.pre, m.match(0), m.post); // writes ab[c]def ++ +Search and Replace
+ +Search and replace gets more interesting. To replace the + occurences of "a" with "ZZ" in Ruby; the first occurence, then + all: +
+ +s = "Strap a rocket engine on a chicken." +s.sub(/a/, "ZZ") // result: StrZZp a rocket engine on a chicken. +s.gsub(/a/, "ZZ") // result: StrZZp ZZ rocket engine on ZZ chicken. ++ +In D:
+ +s = "Strap a rocket engine on a chicken."; +sub(s, "a", "ZZ"); // result: StrZZp a rocket engine on a chicken. +sub(s, "a", "ZZ", "g"); // result: StrZZp ZZ rocket engine on ZZ chicken. ++ +The replacement string can reference the matches using + the $&, $$, $', $`, .. 9 notation:
+ +sub(s, "[ar]", "[$&]", "g"); // result: St[r][a]p [a] [r]ocket engine on [a] chicken. ++ +Or the replacement string can be provided by a delegate:
+ +sub(s, "[ar]", + delegate char[] (RegExp m) + { + return toupper(m.match(0)); + }, + "g"); // result: StRAp A Rocket engine on A chicken. ++ + +Looping
+ +It's possible to search over all matches within + a string:
+ +import std.stdio; +import std.regexp; + +void main() +{ + foreach(m; RegExp("ab").search("abcabcabab")) + { + writefln("%s[%s]%s", m.pre, m.match(0), m.post); + } +} +// Prints: +// [ab]cabcabab +// abc[ab]cabab +// abcabc[ab]ab +// abcabcab[ab] ++ +Conclusion
+ +D regular expression handling is as powerful as Ruby's. But + its syntax isn't as concise:
+ ++
+ +- Regular expression literal syntax - doing so would + make it impossible to perform lexical analysis without also + doing syntactic or semantic analysis.
+ +- Implicit naming of match variables - this causes problems + with name collisions, and just doesn't + fit with the rest of the way D works.
+ +But it is just as powerful. +
+ + +
+
+ + + + ++Copyright © 1999-2006 by Digital Mars, All Rights Reserved | +Page generated by Ddoc. | +Comments ++ + + + diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/statement.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/statement.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/statement.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/statement.html 2006-06-16 13:32:28.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
Last update Wed May 31 17:11:57 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Fri Jun 16 13:32:26 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
@@ -201,37 +200,32 @@ by { }. The statements are executed in lexical order.A block statement introduces a new scope for local - symbols. A local symbol's name, however, must be unique within - the function. + symbols. + Local symbol declarations cannot shadow (hide) other + local symbol declarations in the same function.
void func1(int x) -{ int x; // illegal, x is multiply defined in function scope -} - -void func2() -{ - int x; - - { int x; // illegal, x is multiply defined in function scope - } -} +{ int x; // illegal, x shadows parameter x + + int y; -void func3() -{ - { int x; - } - { int x; // illegal, x is multiply defined in function scope + { int y; } // illegal, y shadows enclosing scope's y + + void delegate() dg; + dg = { int y; }; // ok, this y is not in the same function + + struct S + { + int y; // ok, this y is a member, not a local } -} -void func4() -{ - { int x; - } - { x++; // illegal, x is undefined - } -} + { int z; } + { int z; } // ok, this z is not shadowing the other z + + { int t; } + { t++; } // illegal, t is undefined +}The idea is to avoid bugs in complex functions caused by @@ -895,7 +889,8 @@ function return type.
- At least one return statement is required if the function + At least one return statement, throw statement, or assert(0) expression + is required if the function specifies a return type that is not void.
@@ -1147,7 +1142,7 @@ done - A FinallyStatement may not exit with a goto, break, + A FinallyStatement may not exit with a throw, goto, break, continue, or return; nor may it be entered with a goto.
@@ -1250,7 +1245,9 @@
0412- Do not throw exceptions inside the Statement. + A scope(exit) or scope(success) statement + may not exit with a throw, goto, break, continue, or + return; nor may it be entered with a goto.Volatile Statement
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/struct.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/struct.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/struct.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/struct.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:57 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:19 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/template.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/template.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/template.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/template.html 2006-06-19 18:30:24.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:57 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Mon Jun 19 18:30:22 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
@@ -691,16 +690,18 @@ If a template declares exactly one member, and that member is a function with the same name as the template: -template Square(T) +FunctionTemplateDeclaration: + Type Identifier ( TemplateParameterList ) ( FunctionParameterList ) FunctionBody ++ +A function template to compute the square of type T is: +
+T Square(T)(T t) { - T Square(T t) - { - return t * t; - } + return t * t; }- then that template is called a Function Template. Function templates can be explicitly instantiated with a !(TemplateArgumentList): @@ -717,10 +718,7 @@ deduced may not have specializations: -template Foo(T : T*) -{ - void Foo(T t) { ... } -} +void Foo(T : T*)(T t) { ... } int x,y; Foo!(int*)(&x); // ok, T is not deduced from function argument @@ -729,10 +727,7 @@ Template arguments not implicitly deduced can have default values: -template Foo(T, U=T*) -{ - void Foo(T t) { U p; ... } -} +void Foo(T, U=T*)(T t) { U p; ... } int x; Foo(&x); // T is int, U is int* diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/templates-revisited.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/templates-revisited.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/templates-revisited.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/templates-revisited.html 2006-06-13 16:04:04.000000000 +0200 @@ -28,11 +28,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
-Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -92,10 +93,14 @@ @@ -103,7 +108,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 13 16:04:03 2006Tools
-
- DMD D Compiler
-- GDC D Compiler
+- GDC D Compiler
- Linker
@@ -240,7 +245,7 @@are syntactically ambiguous, both to the compiler and the programmer. If you run across a<b,c>d; in unfamiliar code, you've got to slog through -an arbitrarilly large amount of declarations and .h files to figure out +an arbitrarily large amount of declarations and .h files to figure out if it is a template or not. How much effort has been expended by programmers, compiler writers, and language standard writers to deal with this? diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/type.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/type.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/type.html 2006-05-31 17:11:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/type.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments
- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
Last update Wed May 31 17:11:57 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:19 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/warnings.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/warnings.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/warnings.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/warnings.html 2006-06-06 16:38:22.000000000 +0200 @@ -26,11 +26,12 @@ -Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -90,10 +91,14 @@ @@ -101,7 +106,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:21 2006Tools
-
- DMD D Compiler
-- GDC D Compiler
+- GDC D Compiler
- Linker
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/wc.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/wc.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/wc.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/wc.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -91,10 +92,14 @@ @@ -102,7 +107,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006Tools
-
- DMD D Compiler
-- GDC D Compiler
+- GDC D Compiler
- Linker
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/version.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/version.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/version.html 2006-06-02 01:48:58.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/version.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ " title="Read/write comments and feedback">Comments- D
- Search
+- Downloads
- Home
Last update Fri Jun 2 01:48:56 2006 +@@ -106,8 +107,6 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006- Garbage Collection
-- Memory Management
-- Floating Point
- Inline Assembler
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/windbg.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/windbg.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/windbg.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/windbg.html 2006-06-06 16:38:22.000000000 +0200 @@ -26,11 +26,12 @@ -Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -90,10 +91,14 @@ @@ -101,7 +106,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:21 2006Tools
- DMD D Compiler
-- GDC D Compiler
+- GDC D Compiler
- Linker
diff -uNr dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/windows.html dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/windows.html --- dmd-0.160/dmd/html/d/windows.html 2006-05-31 17:12:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.161/dmd/html/d/windows.html 2006-06-06 16:38:20.000000000 +0200 @@ -26,11 +26,12 @@ -Last update Wed May 31 17:11:58 2006 +@@ -90,10 +91,14 @@ @@ -101,7 +106,7 @@Last update Tue Jun 6 16:38:20 2006Tools