diff -uNr dmd-0.128/dmd/html/d/attribute.html dmd-0.129/dmd/html/d/attribute.html --- dmd-0.128/dmd/html/d/attribute.html 2005-05-19 15:08:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.129/dmd/html/d/attribute.html 2005-07-23 11:41:02.000000000 +0200 @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ | D
-Last update Thu May 19 2005 +Last update Sat Jul 23 2005

Attributes

@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ export static final - override + override abstract - const + const auto AttributeElse: @@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ member. Export is analogous to exporting definitions from a DLL. -

Const Attribute

@@ -329,7 +329,63 @@ }

Override Attribute

+ A const declaration without an initializer must be initialized + in a constructor (for class fields) or in a static constructor + (for static class members, or module variable declarations). + +

+
+
+ const int x; + const int y; + + static this() + { + x = 3; // ok + // error: y not initialized + } + + void foo() + { + x = 4; // error, x is const and not in static constructor + } + + class C + { + const int a; + const int b; + static const int c; + static const int d; + + this() + { a = 3; // ok + a = 4; // ok, multiple initialization allowed + C p = this; + p.a = 4; // error, only members of this instance + c = 5; // error, should initialize in static constructor + // error, b is not initialized + } + + this(int x); + { + this(); // ok, forwarding constructor + } + + static this() + { + c = 3; // ok + // error, d is not initialized + } + } +

+ + It is not an error to have const module variable declarations without + initializers if there is no constructor. This is to support the practice + of having modules serve only as declarations that are not linked in, + the implementation of it will be in another module that is linked in. + + +

Override Attribute

diff -uNr dmd-0.128/dmd/html/d/changelog.html dmd-0.129/dmd/html/d/changelog.html --- dmd-0.128/dmd/html/d/changelog.html 2005-07-10 23:32:10.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.129/dmd/html/d/changelog.html 2005-08-06 21:59:06.000000000 +0200 @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ | D
-Last update Sun Jul 10 2005 +Last update Sat Aug 06 2005
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
+
What's new for D 0.129
What's new for D 0.128
What's new for D 0.127
What's new for D 0.126 @@ -131,6 +132,37 @@

+
+ What's New for + D 0.129 +
+ +Aug 5, 2005 +
+ +
New/Changed Features
+
+
Added postfixes c, w, d to string literals to denote type. +
+
For linux, DW_LANG_D is used for DW_AT_language in the Dwarf + symbolic debug info. If the + -gc switch is used, DW_LANG_C is used for older GDB's. +
+
Incorporated Ben Hinkle's new std.format which can print + general arrays. +
+
Added std.stdio.writefx and std.stream.writefx + from David L. Davis and Ben Hinkle. +
Incorporated Ameer Armaly's improvement to std.c.linux.linux.
+
+ +
Bugs Fixed
+
+
Implemented access checking for structs.
+
Fixed D.bugs/4555
+
+ +

What's New for D 0.128 diff -uNr dmd-0.128/dmd/html/d/dcompiler.html dmd-0.129/dmd/html/d/dcompiler.html --- dmd-0.128/dmd/html/d/dcompiler.html 2005-05-19 15:08:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.129/dmd/html/d/dcompiler.html 2005-07-30 20:50:54.000000000 +0200 @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ | D
-Last update Thu May 19 2005 +Last update Sat Jul 30 2005
@@ -414,6 +414,8 @@
compile in debug code identified by ident
-g

add symbolic debug info +
-gc
+
add symbolic debug info in C format (for older gdb's)
-inline
inline expand functions
-Ipath diff -uNr dmd-0.128/dmd/html/d/dlinks.html dmd-0.129/dmd/html/d/dlinks.html --- dmd-0.128/dmd/html/d/dlinks.html 2005-06-07 02:52:40.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.129/dmd/html/d/dlinks.html 2005-08-06 21:59:06.000000000 +0200 @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ | D
-Last update Tue Jun 07 2005 +Last update Sat Aug 06 2005

D Links
@@ -90,6 +90,10 @@
DMD Front End Starter Kit +
akIDE + is an open source IDE written in D. Comes with D syntax colouring, D + project wizard and DMD compiler support. +
Andy Friesen has taken SWIG and @@ -181,10 +185,6 @@
TUMIKI Fighters game implemented in D. - -
A small - - sample game.
Media
@@ -247,8 +247,6 @@ http://www.scratch-ware.net/D/. -
KDE Linux Support for D -
AFB's The D Language
@@ -280,7 +278,7 @@

- The Code Moon + The Code Moon

@@ -296,9 +294,13 @@ language shootout D benchmarks.
+ @@ -316,10 +318,6 @@
Justin's D Stuff -
Joel Anderson's D Page - contains dig modified to support .81 and a GLee port which supports - around 300 openGL extensions. -
Stephan Wienczny's D Programming page.
MKoD @@ -345,6 +343,9 @@ database independent interface for the D programming language
Harmonia + +
Unsorted D links +
Japanese Language
@@ -366,27 +367,23 @@
Windows header files. + -
Unsorted D links +
+ TUMIKI Fighters game implemented in D. diff -uNr dmd-0.128/dmd/html/d/faq.html dmd-0.129/dmd/html/d/faq.html --- dmd-0.128/dmd/html/d/faq.html 2005-05-19 15:08:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.129/dmd/html/d/faq.html 2005-07-30 20:52:04.000000000 +0200 @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ | D
-Last update Thu May 19 2005 +Last update Sat Jul 30 2005
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
Is there linux port of D?
Is there a GNU version of D?
How do I write my own D compiler for CPU X? -
Where can I get a GUI for D? +
Where can I get a GUI library for D?
Where can I get an IDE for D?
What about templates?
Why emphasize implementation ease? @@ -67,7 +67,6 @@
Can't garbage collection be done in C++ with an add-on library?
Can't unit testing be done in C++ with an add-on library?
Why have an asm statement in a portable language? -
Is there a GUI library for D?
What is the point of 80 bit reals?
How do I do anonymous struct/unions in D?
How do I get printf() to work with strings? @@ -113,12 +112,11 @@
-
Where can I get a GUI for D?
- - DUI is a graphical user - interface based on the - GTK+ graphical toolkit. +
Where can I get a GUI library for D?
+ Since D can call C functions, any GUI library with a C interface is + accessible from D. Various D GUI libraries and ports can be found at + AvailableGuiLibraries.

Where can I get an IDE for D?
@@ -275,13 +273,6 @@ assembler provided reliability and consistency.
-
Is there a GUI library for D?
- - Since D can call C functions, any GUI library with a C interface is - accessible from D. Various D GUI libraries and ports can be found at - AvailableGuiLibraries. - -

What is the point of 80 bit reals?
More precision enables more accurate floating point computations diff -uNr dmd-0.128/dmd/html/d/interfaceToC.html dmd-0.129/dmd/html/d/interfaceToC.html --- dmd-0.128/dmd/html/d/interfaceToC.html 1970-01-01 01:00:00.000000000 +0100 +++ dmd-0.129/dmd/html/d/interfaceToC.html 2005-06-06 17:59:00.000000000 +0200 @@ -0,0 +1,430 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +D Programming Language - Interfacing to C + + + + + + +Home +| Search +| D + +
+Last update Mon Jun 06 2005 +
+ + +
Interfacing to C
+ + D is designed to fit comfortably with a C compiler for the target + system. D makes up for not having its own VM by relying on the + target environment's C runtime library. It would be senseless to + attempt to port to D or write D wrappers for the vast array of C APIs + available. How much easier it is to just call them directly. +
+ + This is done by matching the C compiler's data types, layouts, + and function call/return sequences. + +
Calling C Functions
+ + C functions can be called directly from D. There is no need for + wrapper functions, argument swizzling, and the C functions do not + need to be put into a separate DLL. +
+ + The C function must be declared and given a calling convention, + most likely the "C" calling convention, for example: + +
+
+
+ extern (C) int strcmp(char* string1, char* string2); +
+ + and then it can be called within D code in the obvious way: + +
+
+
+ import std.string; + int myDfunction(char[] s) + { + return strcmp(std.string.toStringz(s), "foo"); + } +
+ + There are several things going on here: + +
+
D understands how C function names are "mangled" and the + correct C function call/return sequence. + +
C functions cannot be overloaded with another C function + with the same name. + +
There are no __cdecl, __far, __stdcall, __declspec, or other + such C type modifiers in D. These are handled by attributes, such + as extern (C). + +
There are no const or volatile type modifiers in D. To declare + a C function that uses those type modifiers, just drop those + keywords from the declaration. + +
Strings are not 0 terminated in D. See "Data Type Compatibility" + for more information about this. However, string literals in D are + 0 terminated. +
+ + C code can correspondingly call D functions, if the D functions + use an attribute that is compatible with the C compiler, most likely + the extern (C): + +
+
+
+ // myfunc() can be called from any C function + extern (C) + { + void myfunc(int a, int b) + { + ... + } + } +
+ +
Storage Allocation
+ + C code explicitly manages memory with calls to malloc() and + free(). D allocates memory using the D garbage collector, + so no explicit free's are necessary. +
+ + D can still explicitly allocate memory using c.stdlib.malloc() + and c.stdlib.free(), these are useful for connecting to C + functions that expect malloc'd buffers, etc. +
+ + If pointers to D garbage collector allocated memory are passed to + C functions, it's critical to ensure that that memory will not + be collected by the garbage collector before the C function is + done with it. This is accomplished by: + +
+ +
Making a copy of the data using c.stdlib.malloc() and passing + the copy instead. + +
Leaving a pointer to it on the stack (as a parameter or + automatic variable), as the garbage collector will scan the stack. + +
Leaving a pointer to it in the static data segment, as the + garbage collector will scan the static data segment. + +
Registering the pointer with the garbage collector with the + gc.addRoot() or gc.addRange() calls. + +
+ + An interior pointer to the allocated memory block is sufficient + to let the GC + know the object is in use; i.e. it is not necessary to maintain + a pointer to the beginning of the allocated memory. +
+ + The garbage collector does not scan the stacks of threads not + created by the D Thread interface. Nor does it scan the data + segments of other DLL's, etc. + +
Data Type Compatibility
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
D type C type
void void
bit no equivalent
byte signed char
ubyte unsigned char
char char (chars are unsigned in D)
wchar wchar_t (when sizeof(wchar_t) is 2)
dchar wchar_t (when sizeof(wchar_t) is 4)
short short
ushort unsigned short
int int
uint unsigned
long long long
ulong unsigned long long
float float
double double
real long double
ifloat float _Imaginary
idouble double _Imaginary
ireal long double _Imaginary
cfloat float _Complex
cdouble double _Complex
creal long double _Complex
struct struct
union union
enum enum
class no equivalent
type* type *
type[dim] type[dim]
type[dim]* type(*)[dim]
type[] no equivalent
type[type] no equivalent
type function(parameters) type(*)(parameters)
type delegate(parameters) no equivalent
+
+ + These equivalents hold for most 32 bit C compilers. The C standard + does not pin down the sizes of the types, so some care is needed. + +
Calling printf()
+ + This mostly means checking that the printf format specifier + matches the corresponding D data type. + Although printf is designed to handle 0 terminated strings, + not D dynamic arrays of chars, it turns out that since D + dynamic arrays are a length followed by a pointer to the data, + the %.*s format works perfectly: + +
+
+
+ void foo(char[] string) + { + printf("my string is: %.*s\n", string); + } +
+ + The printf format string literal + in the example doesn't end with \0. This is because string literals, + when they are not part of an initializer to a larger data structure, + have a \0 character helpfully stored after the end of them. +
+ + An improved D function for formatted output is + std.stdio.writef(). + +
Structs and Unions
+ + D structs and unions are analogous to C's. +
+ + C code often adjusts the alignment and packing of struct members + with a command line switch or with various implementation specific + #pragma's. D supports explicit alignment attributes that correspond + to the C compiler's rules. Check what alignment the C code is using, + and explicitly set it for the D struct declaration. +
+ + D does not support bit fields. If needed, they can be emulated + with shift and mask operations. + +
Interfacing to C++
+ + D does not provide an interface to C++. Since D, however, + interfaces directly to C, it can interface directly to + C++ code if it is declared as having C linkage. +
+ + D class objects are incompatible with C++ class objects. + +
Feedback and Comments
+ + Add feedback and comments regarding this + page. + +
+Copyright © 1999-2005 by Digital Mars, All Rights Reserved
+ + + + + + + + + + diff -uNr dmd-0.128/dmd/html/d/intro.html dmd-0.129/dmd/html/d/intro.html --- dmd-0.128/dmd/html/d/intro.html 2005-06-18 13:39:00.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.129/dmd/html/d/intro.html 2005-07-30 11:51:48.000000000 +0200 @@ -72,6 +72,8 @@
Kazuhiro Inaba has prepared a Japanese translation.
+
Christian Hartung has prepared a + Portugese translation.
"D Language Perfect Guide" diff -uNr dmd-0.128/dmd/html/d/lex.html dmd-0.129/dmd/html/d/lex.html --- dmd-0.128/dmd/html/d/lex.html 2005-05-19 15:08:50.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.129/dmd/html/d/lex.html 2005-07-19 10:11:16.000000000 +0200 @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ | D
-Last update Thu May 19 2005 +Last update Tue Jul 19 2005

Lexical
@@ -360,17 +360,17 @@ HexString WysiwygString: - r" WysiwygCharacters " + r" WysiwygCharacters " Postfix_opt AlternateWysiwygString: - ` WysiwygCharacters ` + ` WysiwygCharacters ` Postfix_opt WysiwygCharacter: Character EndOfLine DoubleQuotedString: - " DoubleQuotedCharacters " + " DoubleQuotedCharacters " Postfix_opt DoubleQuotedCharacter: Character @@ -399,12 +399,17 @@ \& NamedCharacterEntity ; HexString: - x" HexStringChars " + x" HexStringChars " Postfix_opt HexStringChar HexDigit WhiteSpace EndOfLine + + Postfix + c + w + d

A string literal is either a double quoted string, a wysiwyg quoted @@ -494,6 +499,27 @@ \x61"bc" + The optional Postfix character gives a specific type + to the string, rather than it being inferred from the context. + This is useful when the type cannot be unambiguously inferred, + such as when overloading based on string type. The types corresponding + to the postfix characters are: +

+ + + + + + + + + +
Postfix + Type +
c char[ ] +
w wchar[ ] +
d dchar[ ] +

Postfix +	Type +
c	char[ ] +
w	wchar[ ] +
d	dchar[ ] +

Character Literals

diff -uNr dmd-0.128/dmd/html/d/phobos.html dmd-0.129/dmd/html/d/phobos.html --- dmd-0.128/dmd/html/d/phobos.html 2005-06-07 21:54:28.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.129/dmd/html/d/phobos.html 2005-08-06 21:59:06.000000000 +0200 @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ | D
-Last update Tue Jun 07 2005 +Last update Sat Aug 06 2005

@@ -1774,6 +1774,13 @@

Same as writefln, but output is sent to the stream fp instead of stdout.

+ +

void writefx(FILE* fp, TypeInfo[] arguments, void* argptr, int newline = false); +

Same as writef, but output is sent to the + stream fp instead of stdout, the variadic inputs + are expanded to the arguments and argptr pair and + the newline is an optional parameter with no newline by default. +

diff -uNr dmd-0.128/dmd/html/d/std_format.html dmd-0.129/dmd/html/d/std_format.html --- dmd-0.128/dmd/html/d/std_format.html 2005-04-15 14:13:42.000000000 +0200 +++ dmd-0.129/dmd/html/d/std_format.html 2005-08-01 19:16:44.000000000 +0200 @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -